Bipolar Disorders

Both forms of bipolar disorder involve episodes of elevated mood and possible depression, but they differ in how severe the high moods are and whether or not the patient has experienced a major depressive episode:

Common Symptoms

Manic or Hypomanic Episodes:

o   Feeling unusually elated, “high,” or irritable

o   Increased energy, activity, or restlessness

o   Racing thoughts or rapid speech

o   Decreased need for sleep

o   Impulsivity or poor decision-making (e.g., spending sprees, risky behavior)

o   Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity

Mania (Bipolar I) is more intense, often lasting at least a week and causing major problems at work, in relationships, or requiring hospitalization.
Hypomania (Bipolar II) is less severe and usually doesn’t cause major life disruption.

Treatment for Bipolar Disorder is highly individualized but usually includes a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle support.

Medication

Medication is a central part of managing bipolar disorder:

  • Mood stabilizers (e.g., lithium, valproate, lamotrigine) help prevent extreme highs and lows.

  • Antipsychotics may be used during manic or mixed episodes.

  • Antidepressants may be prescribed cautiously—often in combination with a mood stabilizer—to avoid triggering mania or hypomania.

  • Sleep medications or anti-anxiety medications may be used short-term for symptom relief.

All medications should be managed by a qualified provider familiar with bipolar disorder.

Therapy

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): Helps individuals manage symptoms, cope with stress, and recognize mood changes early.

  • Psychoeducation: Teaches patients and families about the condition, triggers, and warning signs.

  • Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy (IPSRT): Focuses on stabilizing daily routines and sleep patterns to reduce mood episodes.

  • Family-focused therapy: Can improve communication and reduce family-related stressors that might trigger episodes.

Lifestyle & Support Strategies

  • Routine is key. Regular sleep, meals, and daily schedules can help prevent mood episodes.

  • Avoid substance use, which can trigger or worsen symptoms.

  • Track moods using apps or journals to identify early warning signs of shifts.

  • Build a support network—friends, family, or peer groups can be vital during both highs and lows